valve regulated lead acid battery The 12 most influential green cars in history

Cars have been with us since 1885, but it has not been until the last 50 years that governments have begun to face up to its adverse effects on the environment.
The world's major auto markets have now legislated to improve fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions, not only gases that are directly toxic to humans, but carbon dioxide is also a key component of climate change.
Nevertheless, green cars have always been part of the market --
Although they found it not long.
Successful sales.
Don't miss out: Nissan Leaf Electric and Toyota Prius hybrid: which one is lower in cost and emissions?
In chronological order, here is a list of a dozen cars that we consider the most important green car in the history of more than 130 years.
It starts with alternative power trains, turns to cars that set up designs on specific paths, and includes some cars that are only green because of the smaller ones.
This list is the result of a long discussion and there is no doubt that readers will make other suggestions that they think should be included.
As the saying goes, your mileage may vary. (1) Early 20th-
Century electric vehicles (Detroit Electric, etc ).
) It's really a group of cars, most of them are very similar, and in the end, many of them are made by the same company.
They were early batteries.
From 1890 to about 1910 electric vehicles were in full competition with gasoline and steam-powered vehicles at the time.
They usually exceed the market at 30 miles an hour, but they are considered to be the most civilized, fluent and comfortable work on the market --
Therefore, it is most suitable for women to drive.
When Charles Kettering invented an electric car
The starter went public in 1912, which is the superior range and speed provided by energy-
The dense gasoline quickly led these electric vehicles back to the second line.
The Great Depression was the last blow, and by 1930 it had disappeared from the market. (2) 1908-
The 1927 Ford Model T is known for its various nicknames, and the Ford Model T is a "car that lets American wheels drive", and there are many other places in the world. It's strong, low
Compression, four
It is said that from gasoline to kerosene, the cylinder engine can run on almost any liquid hydrocarbon, and its simplicity teaches generations of drivers how to repair their own cars when needed.
More than 15 million Ts models were built and surpassed by the Volkswagen Beetle from 1927 to 1972, setting a record.
The T-car has never been particularly eco-friendly, but its impact on the car is profound: its huge visibility ensures that gasoline engines become the dominant power system for individual cars in the next century.
With national and global fueling infrastructure coming along, politics of oil exploration, supply, refining and distribution has become very important.
(3) Mercedes-Benz 1936-
Mercedes-Benz 260DIt is not the first diesel vehicle to sell.
Three years ago, the honor belonged to Citroen, France.
But the 260D is the first car in the Mercedes-Benz series to have fuel.
An efficient diesel engine that continues to this day.
The engine designed by ruddiesel uses compression only to burn fuel
Air mixture, which means it needs a much higher compression ratio than the spark
Ignition Engine using gasoline.
This makes diesel more solid, heavier and noisy, but they are also more fuel --
High efficiency, more miles per gallon than the same gasolinepowered cars.
Today, the exhaust aftertreatment system needed to clean up emissions generated by diesel is a major component of its cost.
Their reputation on passenger cars has been damaged by the ongoing mass diesel emissions cheating scandal, which may be fatal.
Still, in the past 80 years, diesel cars
Mainly provided by German manufacturers
Billions of gallons of fuel could be saved.
(4) the Volkswagen Beetle, like the Ford T-car, has introduced a new way of thinking about personal transportation.
And for the Germans, it was the car that put a shabby back
It's a much more revolutionary thing for Americans: a cool little car.
Clever, quirky and humorous ads from Doyle Dane bernabbach's agency urged Americans to "think little", a bold choice backed by the legendary toughness and high quality of the car.
See also: Tesla Model S and Chevrolet Volt: car owners compared CarsEven, an electric vehicle in early 1950, when almost any garage could be approved to sell small cars in the UK or France, volkswagen asked dealers to store a batch of spare parts before receiving a new car for sale.
With people in their fifties giving way to people in their sixties, the Beatles became cool --
Its brothers, mass buses, as the preferred means of transport for surfers and hippies, have gained a general anti-cultural creed.
But its main impact is to convince the American people to immerse them in "longer" for decades! Lower! Wider!
"Marketing, this small and quirky way can be frugal without losing fun. (5) 1959-
2000 BMC Mini (nee Austin Se7en and Morris Mini-
The fuel ration of the 1956 Suez Canal crisis directly led to the most brilliant small-
The 20th-century car design was introduced by the British car company, the UK's largest carmaker at the time, in the summer of 1959.
Mini was created by engineer Alec Issigonis using the traditional four
The cylinder engine is on the side of its nose, driving two front wheels.
From the bumper to the bumper is exactly 10 feet long and can accommodate four adults simply by using the length of 20% for the powertrain
The rest of the cabin.
World Third-check out
The oldest car factory in 100: Minis is still off the line (March 2013), and when tuner John Cooper started to modify Minis, it easily beat a much bigger, more functional car, one
Like the Volkswagen Beetle, the unclassless appeal of the Mini means that the driver may be the owner of the grocery store on the street. . .
Or maybe the Beatles.
The original Mini took 41 years in production, although it has been a living relic for the past 20 years.
More importantly, issigonis's design sets the template for almost every small car made today.
(6) central Honda Civic CVCCBy 1975
1970, the terrible effects of uncontrolled emissions from hundreds of millions of vehicles have become apparent.
Dirty air quality in the Los Angeles Basin
There were complaints before the 17 th.
Century settlers
Has reached the level of danger, the United StatesS.
Previously, California took the lead in issuing the first emission limit for passenger cars.
In those days, concerns were raised about carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC ).
GM has developed the world's first catalytic converter and finally opened the license to all manufacturers to convert harmful emissions into less hazardous exhaust using chemistry.
However, Honda took a different path to design a "composite vortex controlled combustion" head for its four vehicles
Using a slightly inclined cylinder enginecombustion pre-
The chamber in which the charge is layered before entering the main cylinder.
This allows the Honda engine to burn more cleanly without a catalytic converter and meets the 1975 emission rule, even with the use of the carburetor, rather than a more precise fuel injection system today.
The company eventually adopted a catalytic converter, but Honda was able to sell its Civic as a small, intelligent, fun, clean car.
(7) 1997 Toyota Prius was born from a Toyota research project in early 1990, which aims to reduce fuel consumption by half for ecological reasons, and the first Toyota Prius hybrid
But engineers are in awe of its clever use of electricity to replenish the torque of a small gasoline engine.
The electric motor can be used as a generator to give high power. voltage nickel-metal-
Recycling energy that would have been wasted as a brake heat by regenerative braking.
These same motors can then power the car at low speeds and contribute torque to complement the output of the gasoline engine adjusted for efficiency at high speeds.
Toyota is the undisputed global hybrid car giant after four generations of Prius.
Electric cars.
It will enter the tenth one soon.
The name of one-in-one hybrid and Prius means fuel efficiency worldwide.
Early buyers didn't really understand how it worked.
It took Toyota a few years to point out that it didn't plug in.
But with 2004 Prius on the market, natural gas prices have risen sharply, consolidating its position as the most fuel --
Efficient cars sold in the United StatesS.
(8) by the end of 1990, California's 1998 GM ev1 had been firmly in the forefront of vehicle emission supervision --
It has issued a bold mission to demand a percentage of zero from automakers sold in the state
Discharge vehicles.
By definition, these are pure electric vehicles and new charging stations need to be installed in public places.
GM is the only manufacturer to design compliant electric vehicles from scratch, with the result
Unique EV1 technology
This is the only car known as "universal.
"Design around leading edge
With smooth, quiet, sports-accelerated battery technology, EV1 has all the conveniences of a regular car, with advertising ranging from 70 to 90 miles.
Automakers opposed California's ZEV rules in court, arguing that the technology was not ready and could not afford it, eventually the state compromised and withdrew the rules.
But the legend of GM's EV1s that took back and crushed directly led to the documentary Killing electric cars?
Gm ceo Rick Wagner later said that ending the EV1 plan was his biggest regret.
(9) Nissan leaf production battery 2011-
Nissan's electric vehicle, Leaf, launched in 2010, follows the Toyota Prius script as it is a dedicated design that is not shared with any other model.
If it is different, its design is also polarized. But the 24-kwh lithium-
The ion battery under the floor and the rear seat and the motor driving the front wheel are its notable features.
It does not use gasoline, only the plug on the wall or the electricity provided by the dedicated charging station.
The first model has an EPA.
Rated mileage of 73 miles;
Its 2016 peers have a larger 30-107 miles. kwh battery.
Although sales are not close to the optimistic expectations of Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn
Launch forecast, leaves are the best so far
In history, sales of electric vehicles have reached 250,000 in the market for more than five years.
Together with alliance partner Renault, Nissan is the world's leader in electric vehicles and will launch a new second-
Power generation leaves and electric versions of other vehicles-SUVs, anyone? —In the next few years.
But the first page is still a landmark modern car.
A century ago, the successor of Detroit Electric and its peers.
(10) The 2011 Chevrolet volt was launched in December 2010 and within days of the Nissan leaf electric vehicle, the Chevrolet Volt was excellent in practice, but it turned out to be difficult to explain, market and sell.
It runs 35 miles as an electric vehicle, then turns on the gasoline engine and runs hundreds of miles.
It provides the benefits of electric vehicles for four of the five trips --
Zero emission, low charging cost, quiet operation-
There is no range of anxiety in the battery car, it takes several hours of charging time once the battery runs out.
Car owners, many of whom have never owned Chevrolet or any American car before, are raving about their voltage.
But just after GM went bankrupt and the government went bankrupt.
It was attacked politically.
Like the leaf, sales were lower than expected, but Chevrolet insisted. The second-
A generation of Volt, targeting 2016 kilometers, offers 53 miles of mileage and 41 miles of fuel economy, and its power system has spawned hybrid and other plug-insin hybrids.
Explaining this is still the biggest challenge: buyers "get" hybrids (high fuel efficiency) and electric vehicles (you plug them in), but so far, explain why you want to sit together in a car is too far away.
(11) Tesla's 2012 Tesla model is unlikely. look at it on Twitter --
Happy CEO Elon Musk works at a manufacturing plant in the San Francisco Bay Area, one of the least developed industries
Friendly location in the United StatesS.
But so far, the world has delivered 2012 Tesla Model S, more than 125,000 of which will go down in history, because the car shows that electric cars are not only practical, but also sexy, satisfactory and amazing speed. The low-
Production of Tesla sports car, adapted from two
The Lotus sports car, the seat, proves thousands of lithium-
Ion batteries can be used in a large battery to provide amazing power and acceleration, as well as a range of over 200 miles.
Translate it into a big, luxurious, four
Before Tesla, the door sedan (actually the hatchback) was unthinkable.
Anti-body Tesla
When the company showed the body of Model S, the attack began to weakenin-
At 2011 Detroit motor show, White proved to the industry that it can design cars.
Four years later, German luxury manufacturers followed suit as Tesla stole their best and most loyal customers.
The company is preparing to enter the mass market with its Model 3.
(12) 2017 Chevrolet Bolt the last of our dozen most important green cars is a bit of an adventure as it is not even available yet.
We have driven a prototype that proves that you can
Small size capacity-
The size of the car that accelerates, brakes and handles.
But what sets Bolt electric cars apart is the price and range: its basic price is $37,500 (which means that the effective price after the incentive is $30,000 or less) and offers a range of over 200 miles from 60-kwh lithium-
Ion battery pack.
When gm ceo Mary Barra announced the news on January 2015, she set new minimum standards for all batteries in the future --
Electric vehicles to meet: affordable within 200 miles.
In part, the Chevrolet Bolt electric vehicle is a response to the threat posed by Tesla Motors to GM and other large global automakers.
If Silicon Valley startups can actually offer 200-
The basic price of the Mile Model 3 is $35,000, then it will change from a niche manufacturer to a luxury manufacturer in 10 years --
General Motors, Toyota and Volkswagen are here.
But Bolt Electric will beat Model 3 in at least six months, and it may take longer.
On the day its first dealer landed, it will consolidate its position in history.
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