US astrophysicists win Nobel for spotting wrinkles in the cosmos - lithium ion rechargeable battery

Einstein predicted a century ago that gravitational waves were "Ripples" in space as part of general relativity ". time --
The theoretical structure of the universe.
They are the aftermath of galactic violence, such as a black hole collision or a massive stellar explosion, and can reveal what happened billions of years ago.
First detected gravitational waves in the United States in September 2015
Laser interferometer based on gravity
Wave Observatory (LIGO)
Where the three Nobel Prize winners work
"Their findings shocked the world," said Goran K Hansson, head of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences's selection of Nobel Prize winners.
The discovery, which was announced by the scientific community in February 2016 as an exciting discovery, has been hailed as the historical climax of decades of research.
In 1984, Thorne, 77, was with Wes, 85.
Founded LIGO at the prestigious California Institute of Technology, which has won 18 Nobel prizes since its first award in 1901.
Barish, 81, joined the project in 1994 and helped complete the project.
LIGO is now working with more than 1,000 researchers from 20 countries.
The 2015 observation is that two black holes hit each other, about one. 3 billion light-years away.
"Although the signal is very weak when it reaches the Earth, it already heralds a revolution in astrophysics," the Nobel Academy said . ".
"Gravitational waves are a whole new way to track the most dramatic events in space and test the limits of our knowledge.
In an interview on the Nobel Prize website, Thorne said the discovery would enable scientists to see "a lot of things" in the coming decades ".
"We will see neutron stars colliding, tearing each other, we will see black holes tearing neutron stars, we will see rotating neutron stars, pulses. . .
We will basically explore the birth of the universe.
"Gravitational waves are small and close
Because their interaction with matter is very weak, and it travels unhindered in the universe at the speed of light.
For example, a ripple from a pair of merged black holes would stretch one-million-kilometre (621,000-mile)
The ruler on earth is smaller than the size of the atom.
Since 2015, the mysterious ripples have been detected three more times: LIGO has detected twice, and the Virgo probe at the European gravity Observatory has detected once (EGO)
Cassina, Italy
"Einstein was sure it would never be possible to measure them," the jury said . ".
"The achievement of the LIGO project is that when gravitational waves pass through the Earth, a pair of huge laser interference meters are used to measure thousands of times smaller changes than the nucleus.
"Black holes do not shine, and only gravitational waves that occur through collisions and violent mergers can be observed ---
Provide scientists with the means to study them.
"If we could hear all the waves, not just the strongest ones, the whole universe would be full of music, just like the birds chirping in the forest, the Academy said: "The sound here is bigger, and the sound there is quieter. ".
Weiss received half of the bonus, which came from 9 million Swedish crowns (about $1.
1 million or 940,000 euros)
Barris and Thorn shared the rest.
"It's great.
"I think it's more of a thing to recognize about a thousand people working," Wes said shortly after the announcement . ".
"It took us a long time. . . two months. . .
Convince ourselves that we have seen it (something)
It comes from the outside and is a real gravitational wave.
Thorne said he hopes the discovery will one day win the Nobel Prize.
"I don't want it to have an impact on me personally, and I hope it will have an impact on the whole collaboration. . .
"The gravitational wave detectors that discovered this discovery were designed, built and perfected," he said . ".
Astronomers at the University of Cambridge, Caroline Crawford, told AFP that the discovery "has the potential to look at the various parts of the universe in a completely new way. . .
It is completely blurred from our perspective.
"The chemistry prize will be announced on Wednesday, as people speculate that it may enter a gene --
Editing technology known as crispr-
The Cas9 DNA shear tool is a genetic "scissors" used to cut the mutant gene in human embryos and replace it with a corrected version.
Or it can go to John Goodno, a 95-
His research led to the invention of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries in mobile phones, computers and electric vehicles.