the car of the future is here - lithium ion battery price

A few weeks ago, when would someone provide a practical, affordable home car that uses something other than oil, which greatly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and fuel bills, I
Driving this mysterious car of the future
In hybrid electric vehicles, its mass production is likely to take only a few years.
At the Detroit auto show last week, the ultimate hybrid from AFS Trinity was launched.
It can run like a normal hybrid car, such as Toyota Prius, 40 miles on power before it runs efficiently on gasoline.
Because most people drive less than 40 miles a day, even if they charge only once a day, that car can replace most of the weekly gasoline usage.
Fuel cost per mile, less than 1-at the time of power operation-
The third is the current cost of gasoline.
The cost of a whole night may cost a dollar.
Although the car quietly accelerated like a cheetah.
There's no time to develop real energy. efficient car.
The accelerated burning of fossil fuels brings us closer to the tipping point of an irreversible climate disaster.
Our regular oil production is likely to peak soon. -
Therefore, gasoline prices will inevitably rise in the coming decades.
At the same time, the cars we produce today have been on the road for more than 15 years, so we don't have time to waste.
You can buy a flexible fuel car with 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline today, and you can even find an E85 station in your city.
But corn ethanol is far from an ideal alternative fuel.
It will not significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions or your fuel bill.
This will need low
Carbon ethanol from biomass such as willow switch
But there is no single commercial cellulose ethanol plant in the country.
It could take at least 15 years--
Maybe twice. -
Before we sell a lot of cellulose biofuels nationwide at an affordable price.
The hydrogen car is further away from the practical Road. Carbon-
Free hydrogen may be more expensive than gasoline for a long time.
The cost of building a carbon emission
The free hydrogen fuel infrastructure is hundreds of billions of dollars, if not more than a trillion dollars. Only one zero-
Carbon alternative fuels are much cheaper than gasoline: electricity from renewable sources (
Or nuclear power).
Of course, you need a car powered by electricity, and many people think you need a technological breakthrough, or at least a major advance in battery technology, to make it practical. But game-
The ever-changing breakthrough in the energy sector is indeed rare.
People can spend a lifetime waiting for a major new technology that fundamentally changes the way we use energy.
That's why extreme hybrids with electric technology today are so exciting. We saw all-
1990 electric cars, but for various reasons they fail, as explained in the movie who killed the electric car, one problem is to give the electric car 200-
Mileage requires a lot of batteries, which adds weight, takes up space, and increases costs.
Also, it takes a few hours to fill up a car, so if your juice runs out, you get stuck, which makes it impractical to be a major home car.
In the end, it lacks the support of the car company that originally built it like GM.
With the success of the hybrid, everything has changed --
An electric car like Prius, which combines a gasoline engine with a battery and an electric motor.
These hybrids charge the battery during braking or from a gas engine, and the energy will regenerate.
They have proved that cars combined with gas and electric drive are both practical and affordable and even ideal.
Priuses have been remodeled by some groups to make it a plug-in
Ins, offering the best of both worlds--
As an electric vehicle for local travel, but keep the fuel tank and engine for long trips and quick refueling.
Key barriers to building utility plug-ins
The hybrid has always been a battery.
Not only do you need more batteries to charge
Compared to a simple hybrid, the battery performance you need is significantly different.
Gasoline hybrid cars need more batteries that can provide a lot of power when necessary ---
Like speeding up on a highway. -
Contrary to the battery that can store a lot of energy, this is what is required to travel relatively long distances after a charge.
It is not easy to design a battery that can store a lot of energy and handle power fluctuations, especially when the battery is constantly circulating in various uses, it must be compact, economical and safe.
The New York Times describes the problem with this inadvertent and interesting mixed metaphor: Notes from the New York Times: "Peanut butter" is not the best analogy when describing a power battery that can quickly release energy in a short period of time.
A bottle of shaken champagne might be better.
Due to the development of nickel metal hydrogen batteries, conventional hybrid batteries have become practical, largely due to the government
A research consortium funded.
Prototypes or demonstration hybrids built so far tend to use more expensive but powerful, compact lithium-
Ion batteries popular in the electronics industry.
However, the battery discharge is too fast, especially the lithium which is currently relatively cheap
The ion battery in the laptop and mobile phone will damage it and reduce its life.
The question is: when will we have an affordable, safe, compact and long termlived lithium-
Ion batteries that can provide energy (for range)and power (
For acceleration)
Not finding such a battery for a practical car is the main reason why Toyota and GM promise to provide plugsConsumers.
At the recent Detroit auto show, Toyota said it would launch a plug-in by 2010, although initially it only provided traffic-jam services to the government and businesses and not to consumers.
GM has promised to provide plugs for most of the past year
In the commercial Chevrolet Volt in 2010, it was recently said that 2010 is still a target ---no promises.
So how does AFS Tricity bypass the need for new lithium?
It uses the current lithium instead of waiting for a battery that provides both energy and electricity at a cheap price.
An ion battery of energy, and then add something called a super capacitor in the acceleration process to discharge quickly.
The power density of the super capacitor is 10 to 100 times that of a typical battery, but there is only one-
A tenth of the energy density, so this is a marriage in heaven, or at least in Silicon Valley.
The super capacitor is equivalent to a shaking champagne bottle--
Although this analogy is also flawed, because the super capacitor not only discharges fast, but also charges fast.
This is another benefit that Supercars bring to hybrid cars.
Ordinary hybrid vehicles have obtained most of the efficiency gains from the ability to capture the energy normally lost during braking and convert it into electrical energy.
The current hybrid battery only accounts for about half of this power, but it's fast
The proxy super capacitor can take up more.
AFS Trinity is not a car company.
With the help of Ricardo, a leading automotive engineering company, it applies its technology to the transformation of the Saturn Vue hybrid crossover vehicle.
It believes that with mass production, the cost of extreme hybrids will be $9,000 higher than ordinary hybrids, at the current natural gas price, the additional cost of fuel savings in less than four years
But it will require the company to find a major car manufacturer.
Manufacturing partners willing to commercialize vehicles.
Of course, like many small companies I 've seen over the years with great technology, AFS Tricity may not be able to successfully achieve mass production or achieve its cost goals.
That said, I think the importance of an extreme hybrid is that it shows that there are multiple possible strategies for making a practical plug
Significantly increase the chances of someone's success. Plug-
Ins itself is not a solution to global warming.
The current power grid is half a coal, so when
Ins are running on traditional e-networks, and they may reduce one-
Third, compared with ordinary gasoline hybrids.
However, they will reduce emissions by more than half compared to traditional cars.
A lot of greenhouse gas savings will follow the plug
Ins achieved a major shift to clean power and away from oil
With unconventional oil such as Canadian tar sands becoming more popular, the base fuel is getting dirty every year.
Unlike oil, electricity will become greener in the future, especially when we deal with climate change.
In fact, once we have a national limit on carbon emissions, I . E.
Ins will drive faster growth in diversified and growing carbon emissions
Free power sources including solar photovoltaic, solar thermal power, wind, geothermal, nuclear energy and potential carbon capture and storage of coal.
Plug-and-play by providing distributed energy storage to the power grid
Ins can make intermittent renewable energy sources like wind power (
Mainly available at night)more cost-effective --
Eventually, renewable energy will become the main energy source in the country.
Also, if you buy a plug a few years later
In a hybrid that may last until 2030, you can safely bet that the price of gasoline at that time will be much higher than today's $3 per gallon. So plug-
Ins will be the best hedge fund to deal with oil shocks.
Also, considering most people who used plugins early on
Ins may be environmental conscious and I expect many of them to run their hybrids on 100% renewable energy to make plugs
A major carbon reducer was installed from the beginning.
Preventing catastrophic climate change requires US averages. S.
By 2050, carbon dioxide emissions from cars and SUVs will be 80% to 90% lower than existing vehicles (
The same is true for trucks, planes and ships). Plug-
Ins may be an important driver of this deep cut.
They can be flexible easily
Fuel cars, so if low
Carbon cellulose biofuels have proven to be practical and economical, and they can be the main liquid fuel for long trips. Absent high-
Efficient vehicles like plugs
Ins, we are unlikely to have enough spare arable land and water for cellulose biofuels in 2050 to provide enough fuel to achieve such a substantial reduction across the transportation sector.
Another key point is that most of the growth in car use in the coming decades will come from countries where people don't necessarily drive long distances on a regular basis ---
Large suv is not needed.
I believe for most other countries of people for a 200 miles range in the burden to the of pure electric car even is a 100 miles of car will is a successPlug-
Ins can help make this transition by reducing the cost of batteries and electronics. Plug-
Ins may not have problems plaguing so many alternative fuel vehicles ---
High initial cost.
As I told AFS Trinity, I don't recommend designing the first pluginins with a 40-mile all-electric range.
For many people, including me, this represents the ability they are unlikely to use in most cases, which means we will pay for a lot of unnecessary batteries and other electronics.
You can reduce the cost of the first plug
If the car is only $20, it will cost thousands of dollars. mile all-electric range.
I expect many early adopters to be able to charge their cars twice: at home at night and work during the day.
Companies like Google that actively support plug-in development
Ins, will definitely give its employees great motivation to buy plug-Ins
Charging stations at headquarters use renewable energy to power them.
Utilities are eager to set up charging stations in public places such as shopping malls and parking lots.
Yes, during the hottest summer you may not be able to charge for a few hours during peak demand, but it will still give you a lot of opportunities to charge your car during the day and night.
This means a plug. in with a 20-mile all-
The electric distance still allows many commuters to travel 40 miles or more through electricity, which also greatly reduces battery, electronics and costs.
In addition, plug-ins may be leased by utility companies or other intermediariesin hybrid --
Or at least its battery. -
For consumers or businesses, when the vehicle is not on the road, they are willing to keep the vehicle connected and allow the utilities to control when the vehicle battery is charged (
May be when discharged from hospital).
This will provide new sources of revenue for utilities and a much cheaper car for consumers.
Many companies are pursuing a relevant possibility: Plug and Play
Hybrid cars can be on off-
Peak times and provide power and voltage to the grid when required.
Owners can get rebates or revenue streams for this service from power companies.
No country has ever done mass.
There is no government-authorized market for alternative fuel vehicles. Plug-
Ins undoubtedly need initial help, although they may need less government intervention compared to other alternative fuels because they don't need a completely new fuel infrastructure.
To boost its development, David Sandalow, a scholar at the Brookings Institution and senior White House, suggested that the federal government buy 30,000 plug-and-play
A premium of $8,000.
He advised the government to provide a $8,000 consumer tax credit to buyers in the first quarter.
Ins, and a $ 200th rebate for 4,000 buyers.
These steps speed up the day when we have a practical pluginin hybrid.
Now it seems closer than ever.