smart home energy monitoring & management system - home energy storage

Consumer electronics, office equipment and other plug loads consume 15-20% of total residential and commercial electricity consumption without being in primary mode.
When these devices operate at low power, most of the energy is consumed
But the power mode is not actually used.
One way to reduce this unnecessary power consumption is to use an intelligent energy management system.
The main goal of our project "smart home energy monitoring and management system" is to develop a system that enables it to track every device and user in the home will be able to get all electrical energy consumption parameters.
In addition to this, the energy consumption parameters for each device will be sent to the Gateway, which will run intelligent algorithms to manage all devices as per user requirements.
Users can monitor the energy parameters of each individual load using an android smartphone that can also be used as a data setter to set various user programmable parameters such as high/low cuts
Turn off voltage, etc.
By automatically turning off the load when not in use, the system can save energy at home and in the office.
Applications of the system include workstations, open office compartments, home offices, and home entertainment systems.
Brief introduction given the increase in power costs and the reduction in general electricity consumption by the global warming movement, there is an increasing interest in analyzing household electricity consumption.
By analyzing the electricity usage of each appliance separately, a more accurate conclusion can be drawn on their efficiency and replacement requirements.
In addition, this can also determine whether the appliance consumes an unusually high amount of power when it is turned off, and whether the plug should be unplugged.
This can reduce electricity consumption and cost.
Problem statement most of the traditional prepaid meters currently installed in the home only show the total real-time usage and electricity availability of their power.
There is no way to see the daily, weekly or monthly consumption of these meters, and these meters are usually placed in inconvenient locations, which makes it difficult to check regularly.
These meters also lack the ability to monitor electrical appliances separately;
Therefore, important information about personal appliances is hidden.
Project objectives and ScopeA smart meter system are required, which can analyze a variety of electrical appliances in the home to obtain readings such as voltage, current, active power, apparent power, reactive power, power factor and frequency
With wired/wireless connectivity, the device can be connected to the central gateway, and the Gateway management system can upload and process the collected information.
The data can then be displayed on the platform's graphics android
User interface based.
The platform allows users to access data from any android-enabled device.
In order to reduce costs, the system needs an energy metering node that can communicate with the Gateway wirelessly or wired so that there is only one Wi-
Homes with many monitored devices require Fi access points.
In addition, you need to view the current information about the device on the local display with the menu interface.
If the following criteria are met, the remote power metering node will be considered successful: the correct measurement of the cable/wireless communication and Gateway voltage between the nodes, the working user interface of the current and power grid shutdown, reliable wired/wireless communication between Display and menu gateway and remote meter node.
If time permits, the following additional functions can be added in order to improve the project, keep in mind that the omission of these functions will not affect the operation: construction safety mechanical structure packs the construction safety mechanical structure of the Gateway station, to isolate the energy metering node, improve the power efficiency of the equipment, and minimize the use of power when the equipment is turned off, definition of smart meters and smart meter systems smart meters are electronic measuring devices that utilities use to convey information for billing customers and operating their power systems.
For 15 years, utilities have effectively used electronic meters to provide accurate billing data for at least a portion of their customer base.
Initially, the use of this technology was applied to commercial and industrial customers due to the need for more complex rates and finer billing data requirements.
The use of electronic meters serves the largest customer of utilities, and over time it gradually extends to all customer categories.
This migration is possible by reducing technical costs and advanced billing requirements for all customer categories.
The combination of electronic instruments and two instruments
Communication technologies for information, monitoring and control are often referred to as Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI).
The previous system used
The way of communication used to collect meter data is called AMR (
Automatic Meter Reading)Systems.
AMI is developed over time, from the root of it as a substitute for metering readings (AMR)to today’s two-
Communication and data systems.
While smart meters are relatively new to the utilities industry, they are subject to the same due diligence and scrutiny as electronic meters and old electro-mechanical meters.
These instruments have always met or exceeded national standards such as the National Standards Association (ANSI)C12.
Accuracy and design of the table.
In addition, the equipment used to demonstrate the performance of the instrument must be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
A federal agency that works with industry to correctly apply technology and measurement.
Other standards for the installation and use of smart meters include national electrical specifications (NEC)
Wiring of household appliances of National Electrical Industry Association (NEMA)
Laboratory of underwriters (UL)
Housing and equipment and National Electrical Safety specifications (NESC)
For common lines.
Through the leadership of utility measurement professionals and metering manufacturers, the meticulous and meticulous development of these solid-state electronic metering devices has produced metering products with advanced functions, more stable than traditional mechanical and electrical technology, more strict precision tolerance, more cost-effective for advanced functions.
The system consists of three main parts.
Gateway, energy node, and android app interface.
Figure 1 below shows how these parts interact.
The task of the energy metering node energy node unit is to perform a power measurement at request and then send the measurement results to the Gateway.
It waits for a request from the Gateway asynchronously (
Wired connection).
When a request is received, it reads the measurements from EMIC and then sends this information back to the Gateway.
The gateway unit gateway is responsible for collecting data and then sending it to the android application interface.
It also has console access to display all relevant information as well as a small interface.
Request information from the energy node via wired communication.
The energy node then sends the information back to the Gateway.
The gateway then forwards this information to the android app interface.
This process occurs at regular intervals that can be set in the menu interface.
Because the Gateway and energy nodes are separate, a system can consist of many energy nodes.
The benefit of doing so is that the cost of monitoring another additional device is low because only the energy node needs to be purchased.
The Android app interfaceAn android app is designed to read the gateway for each connected energy node and is responsible for setting various Gateway configurations and parameters such as various thresholds, etc.
The energy node unit is responsible for reading the measurements of the EMIC and relay this information after a request from the Gateway.
The energy node unit consists of three main parts: the energy measurement IC itself, the sensing circuit and the isolation circuit.
The energy node is designed in such a way that it can be connected directly to the base station with a wire and run as a separate system.
Front end of energy measurement (EMIC)
The CS5490 of Cirrus logic is used as the front end of energy measurement.
It is clear from the literature review that an easy way to measure power is to use an EMIC because no further calculations are required and no other factors need to be considered.
Only one EMIC needs to be set up and calibrated, and then the register can be read to get the relevant information.
There are some EMICs that are under consideration, such as MCP3903 from microchips.
It uses SPI communication, with a total of 8 pins for communication (
SCK, SDOs, SDI, CS, Reset and 3 data ready lines).
Most EMICs communicate using SPI.
However, one of the prominent logic chips is the CS5490 of CIRRUS logic.
It uses asynchronous communication and seems to be more powerful than other EMICs.
Some of the features of this IC are that the energy measurement accuracy is 0.
1% supports shunt resistance and CT On-
Chip Measurement/calculation:-active, reactive and apparent power-RMS voltage and current-power factor and line frequency-instantaneous voltage, current and current, voltage sag, and voltage expansion detection overfast On-
Serial Interface for chip digital calibration
Chip temperature sensor single 3.
3 V power supply low power consumption: 13 mWThe CS5490 integrated independent 4-order Delta-Sigma analog-to-
Digital Converters for channels, reference circuits, and verified EXL signal processing cores provide active, reactive and apparent energy measurements.
In addition, RMS and power factor calculations are provided.
Through configurable energy pulses or on-chip registers.
Instantaneous current, voltage, and power measurements are also provided on the serial port. The two-
Wire UART minimizes the cost of isolation if required.
The CS5940 requires only 3 pins in total Rx, Tx, and reset.
EMICs are usually connected to the power supply to get a voltage reading, so it is necessary to isolate the IC from the microprocessor that communicates with it.
The optical coupler is used in this project to establish an isolated connection between gateways (
Beaglebone black)and the IC.
The optical coupler can isolate two circuits when using optical transmission data, and it has a photosensitive transistor, all of which are encapsulated in a small package.
Conveniently, when the Beaglebone black works at 3, it can also work as a level converter.
3 v and some components under 5 v logic, the energy metering IC is only 3.
3 v logic for solving two problems with one device.
Configurable digital output provides energy pulse, zero
Cross, energy direction, or interrupt function.
Interruption can occur in various situations, including voltage depression or expansion, over-current, etc. On-
Ensure chip register integrity through verification and write protection.
The CS5490 is designed to connect various voltage and current sensors, including shunt resistors, current transformers, and rogooski coils.
EMIC does need some circuits for measurement.
For voltage measurement, a voltage divider is used between two lines, and for current measurement, a shunt resistor is used.
The IC can have a maximum of 250 mV peaks on the voltage measurement and current measurement inputs, so the CT or shunt resistor must be selected in a way that will never reach the maximum, otherwise the IC may be interrupted.
The shunt resistor is selected because it is more stable than the Hall sensor and smaller than the current transformer.
The shunt resistor must be in a range, because if the maximum allowable current is extracted from the device, the voltage drop peak on the shunt resistor is less than 250 mV, because this is the EMICs max current voltage input.
Vmax = Imax * RshuntThus, Vmax = Rshunt/imaxchosing 17, Vmax value is 250 mV, the smaller the Imax = monthly MΩ So shunt resistance of followsR, the equivalent of what MΩ is used here.
EMIC has an internal adjustable gain of 50 x, so it is possible to use a smaller shunt resistor, which is also conducive to a reduction in power consumption on the resistor. The high-
Use a voltage divider sensor consisting of 1 to decay the voltage AC line.
76 Mohm and 1 Kohm resistors before being provided to the CS5490 voltage channel input.
The voltage divider ratio is determined by the maximum input range of the CS5490 voltage channel (176mVRMS)
And maximum line voltage.
The division ratio is determined by the equation below. Vout = Vin * (R2 / (R1+R2))
For line voltage, Vin = 176 mV Vrms, R2 = 1 k, R1 can solve