how to solve range anxiety - lithium ion polymer battery

Andrew czyzewski said that while there are a lot of benefits to new technologies, we have a lot of benefits for smartphones, computers, Wi-
The consequences of Fi and so on are unpredictable.
For example, when gadgets go wrong at critical moments, some people are knocked down by diseases specific to the digital age and Kelon; call it techno-
Anger, or stress.
Now, the auto industry has inadvertently given us another kind of modern anxiety.
This time it's called range anxiety.
If you haven't heard of it yet, remote anxiety is a fear felt by electric car drivers, who will run out of juice somewhere and get stuck there.
Under daily driving conditions, there is almost no
The electric production mode can travel more than 160 kilometers without charging.
Manufacturers recognize this anxiety as one of the biggest obstacles to widespread adoption of electric vehicles.
So what can be done to heal it?
The most obvious solution is the better battery.
Lithium battery for the latest electric vehicles-ion (Li-ion)
Batteries are basically borrowed and scaled up from consumer electronics, but with new materials and improved designs in development, they perform better.
The lithium-
The air system, in particular, is touted by some as the ultimate design. Unlike the Li-
Ion battery, which uses a positive electrode usually made of dense lithium cobalt oxide, lithium-
The air battery replaces this with light porous carbon and oxygen extracted from the atmosphere, which means it can pack more energy into every kilogram.
In fact, lithium
The theoretical energy density of the air battery is 9 KW
Hours per kilogram, about the same as gasoline-10 times higher than the best Li --ion batteries.
Claire Gray says the research team has built small prototypes in the lab so far, but there are still a lot of practical challenges to overcome and it's hard to predict when we'll see them on the car
Gray is in charge of the Todd hotel.
Hamied lab at the University of Cambridge is dedicated to understanding the basics of battery science.
The main obstacle, she said, is to ensure that the chemical process of the battery takes place in a reversible manner, so it can be charged multiple times.
We're waiting for Lee.
Air technology should be mature, and there are other ways to improve the battery life of electric vehicles.
They can get lighter in the first place, so they go further with just one charge.
Another way is to add a regenerative braking system that can recover energy from motion when braking.
This energy can be sent to the motor of the car during acceleration.
The regenerative braking system can expand the range by more than ten percent.
The problem is that traditional batteries are not suitable for fast charging and discharge cycles when regenerative braking.
As a result, engineers are trying to reduce the burden on the main battery by adding a special high charge
Energy capacitors.
These "super capacitors" do not store electricity in chemical form as traditional batteries, but accumulate charge on the electrode, one is full of positive charge, the other is full of negative charge, and there is an insulation layer in the middle.
They can be charged and discharged quickly and can survive thousands of cycles without degradation.
Studies have shown that the regenerative braking system based on the super capacitor can increase the range of electric vehicles by up to 25 without lowering the main battery.
Mazda's I-is one of the first systems to use this capacitor
Electric and hybrid vehicles were launched in 2012.
The super capacitor can even be integrated into the structure of the electric vehicle, which can do double work as a load
Bearing assembly and power storage.
This will help make the vehicle lighter so that it can travel further on the main battery for each charge.
The key to making "structural" super capacitors is to use carbon-
Fiber composite material.
These materials, tough but light in weight, are increasingly being used by automakers to replace the steel body.
Emile Greenhalgh of Imperial College in London said carbon fiber was also a good electrical conductor.
These fibers are woven together to form a mat that can act as an electrode in a capacitor when separated by an insulating polymer layer.
Greenhalgh uses them to build tough, lightweight panels that store 1 Watt
An hour of electricity per kilogram can be used as a body in a car.
His team is working with the Swedish automobile company.
Manufacturer Volvo will replace steel base for spare parts
Wheels with composite super capacitors.
Greenhalgh said that this material will never replace the main battery, but by reducing the weight, it will make power recycling and storage more effective, which can expand the use of electric vehicles by 50.
"Instead of concentrating a lot of electricity, it will be distributed on cars," Greenhalgh said . ".
"For example, the structure of the boot itself will provide energy for the light.
"Whatever form tomorrow's batteries take, they obviously need to be charged regularly, so creating a comprehensive network of charging points is a key way to reduce range anxiety.
Many big cities have introduced new charging infrastructure for electric vehicles-usually special --
Design charging points.
The driver pulls the vehicle up using a long lead and plugs it into the charger.
It can take several hours to charge.
To make this process faster and more convenient, engineers are developing wireless charging based on the principle of resonant inductive coupling.
Since there is a copper coil on the ground below the charging point, the coil in the car is connected to its battery, so the power can be wirelessly transmitted to the car through induction.
This wireless charging can make top-
When the car is parked at home or in the office, no cable is needed for ups.
Demonstrations are already underway.
In London, for example, wireless charging starts
Up halipt, currently controlled by US telecom giant Qualcomm, is leading Europe's largest physical operator.
World trials of this technology.
The first phase will see 10 compatible vehicles on the street with two "parking and charging" points.
Renault plans to join the project next year to add more vehicles and charging points.
Some engineers believe that wireless charging can even charge the vehicle while driving on the highway.
This includes laying transmitter coils under the road surface.
The trick is to design the transmitter and receiver coils so that they can transmit a lot of power to the car as soon as the car passes through the coil.
Richard Sassoon of Stanford University in California and his team use computer simulations to show that wireless charging is feasible under the correct coil configuration and spacing, even on the highway.
Sassoon believes that one day, a dedicated lane can provide electric vehicle charging, perhaps integrating the location of the lane into satellite navigation, so that it can suggest routes based on the remaining power in the battery.
Sassoon acknowledged that the cost of laying coils to build a charging infrastructure would be high.
He said it only makes sense to install it if you are already digging a highway or building a new highway.
A road network with an embedded charger may take many years to develop.
Bruce Dunn says the answer to range anxiety may have been in front of us anyway.
Dunn, an ecologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, believes hybrid electric vehicles will prevail in at least the next decade.
The most efficient hybrid is usually only using gasoline on about the journey, Dunn said, however, completely eliminating it is such a big challenge, so that it may become a false economy & a colon;
All fees-
He said that electric vehicles in acceptable range may not make sense at all.
Dunn's prescription for range anxiety?
For the foreseeable future, he said, a small amount of traditional liquid fuel will be used for every trip.