People are very interested in developing rechargeable lithium batteries with higher energy capacity and longer cycle life for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and implantable medical devices 1.
Silicon is an attractive negative material for lithium batteries because it has a low discharge potential and the highest theoretical charging capacity (4,200mAhg−1; ref. 2).
Although this is more than ten times higher than the existing graphite anode, much larger than the various nitrogen oxide materials s3, 4, the application of silicon anode is limited, because the volume of silicon at the time of insertion and extraction of lithium changes by 400%, resulting in powder and capacity reduction.
Here, we show that silicon nano wire battery electrodes circumvent these problems because they can adapt to large strain without powder, provide good electronic contact and conduction, and display
We realized the theoretical charging capacity of the silicon anode and kept the discharge capacity close to this maximum of 75%, with little fading during the cycle.