geothermal energy - electrical energy storage systems

Author: Riley Victoria v.
Petrescu and Florian Ion T.
No fuel is required for geothermal power generation (
Pump)
Therefore, immune to fuel cost fluctuations.
Florian Ion Tiberiu petresscu University of Technology of Budapest, Romanian Electronics
Postage: petresuflorian @ Yahoo.
Victoria Vergil Petrescu Budapest University of Technology
Email: petrescuvictoria @ yahoo
Geothermal energy is the heat energy generated and stored on the Earth.
Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of the substance.
The geothermal energy of the crust comes from the original formation of the planet and the radioactive decay of the material (
In the current uncertain but probably roughly equal proportion).
Geothermal gradient, that is, the temperature difference between the planetary core and its surface, drives the continuous conduction of thermal energy from the core to the surface in the form of heat.
Keywords: new energy, renewable energy, sustainable energy, geothermal energy introduction geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored by the Earth.
Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of the substance.
The geothermal energy of the crust comes from the original formation of the planet and the radioactive decay of the material (
In the current uncertain but probably roughly equal proportion).
Geothermal gradient, that is, the temperature difference between the planetary core and its surface, drives the continuous conduction of thermal energy from the core to the surface in the form of heat.
Adjective geothermal energy comes from Greek roots (ge)
"Earth" and "Delta ω μ "(thermos), meaning hot.
The heat inside the Earth is the heat generated by radioactive decay and sustained heat loss during earth formation.
The temperature of the core-shell boundary may reach more than 4000 °c (7,200 °F).
The high temperatures and pressures inside the Earth cause some rocks to melt, and the solid cloak behaves in the plasma, causing some of the crust to flow upwards, as it is lighter than the surrounding rocks.
Rocks and water are heated in the crust, sometimes to 370 °c (700 °F).
Since the hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since the Old Stone Age and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but now it is more famous for generating electricity.
11,700 MW worldwide (MW)
Geothermal power was launched on 2013.
As of 2010, 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity were also installed for regional heating, space heating, spa, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.
Cost of geothermal power generation-
Effective, reliable, sustainable and eco-friendly, but historically limited to areas near the plate boundary.
Recent technological advances have greatly expanded the scope and scale of viable resources, especially in applications such as home heating, which opens up potential for widespread development.
Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped deep inside the Earth, but these emissions are much lower than fossil fuels.
In theory, geothermal resources on the Earth are enough to meet the energy needs of human beings, but only a small number of resources can be developed in a beneficial way.
Drilling and exploration of deep resources is very expensive.
Future predictions for geothermal power generation depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, plate boundary movements, and interest rates.
EWEB's customer choice of pilot projects such as the Green Power scheme shows that customers are willing to pay more for renewable energy sources such as geothermal.
However, due to government assistance research and industry experience, the cost of geothermal power generation has dropped by 25% in the past 20 years.
In 2001, the cost of geothermal energy was between two and ten cents per kilowatt hour.
At least since the Stone Age, hot springs have been used for bathing.
The oldest known hot spring is a stone pool built on Li San Mountain in China during the 3rd th century of Qin, and is located in the same place where Huaqing Pool Palace was later built.
In the first century AD, the Romans conquered Aqui Sulis, now in Bath, Somerset, England, and used the hot springs there to provide food for public bathrooms and under-floor heating.
The entrance fee to these baths may be the first commercial use of geothermal power generation.
The oldest geothermal heating system in the world
The French company Aigues has been operating since the 14 th century.
The earliest Industrial development began in 1827, when boron was extracted from volcanic mud using geyser steam in larelo, Italy.
In 1892, the first regional heating system in the United States in Boise, Idaho was directly powered by geothermal energy and copied in 1900 at the Klamath Falls, Oregon.
The world's first known building using geothermal as the main heat source is the hot Lake Hotel in Union County, Oregon, which was completed in 1907.
In 1926, a deep geothermal well in Boise was used to heat greenhouses, and fountains were used to heat greenhouses in Iceland and Tuscany.
Charlie Lieb developed the first underground heat exchanger in 1930 to heat his house.
Starting in 1943, steam and hot water from geysers began heating homes in Iceland.
In the 20 th century, due to the demand for electricity, geothermal power generation was considered as a source of power generation.
Prince Piero Ginoli Conte tested the first geothermal generator at the same Larderello dry steam field, which began in geothermal acid mining on July 4, 1904.
It succeeded in lighting up four bulbs.
The first commercial geothermal power plant in the world was built there in 1911.
Before New Zealand set up its plant in 1958, it was the only producer of geothermal power generation in the world.
It produced about 594 MW in 2012.
Lord Kelvin invented the heat pump in 1852, and Heinrich Zoli obtained a patent in 1912 to use it to extract heat from the ground.
But it was not until the end of 1940 that geothermal heat pumps were successfully implemented.
The earliest is probably Robert C. Webber's home-made 2. 2 kW direct-
The exchange system, but the source does not agree with the exact schedule of his invention. J.
Donald Kroeker designed the first commercial geothermal heat pump to heat the Federal Building (
Portland, Oregon)
A demonstration was also conducted on 1946.
In 1948, Professor Carl Nielsen of Ohio State University built the first residential open loop version in his home.
Due to the 1973 oil crisis, the technology has become popular in Sweden, and since then the acceptance of the technology has been growing slowly worldwide.
The development of 1979 polytinone pipe greatly improves the economic feasibility of heat pump.
In 1960, Pacific Gas and Power began operating the first successful geothermal power plant in the United States at Geysers in California.
The original turbine has been used for more than 30 years, generating a net power of 11 MW.
The binary cycle power plant was first displayed in the Soviet Union in 1967 and then introduced to the United States in 1981.
This technology allows power generation from a much lower temperature resource than before.
On 2006, a binary circulation plant in Chena Springs, Alaska went online from a record low fluid temperature of 57 °c (135 °F).
International Geothermal Association (IGA)
10,715 megawatts have been reported (MW)
Geothermal power generation is online in 24 countries and is expected to generate 67,246 gigawatts of electricity in 2010.
This means that online capacity has increased by 20% since 2005.
Due to the projects currently under consideration, the IGA project has grown to 18,500 MW by 2015, usually in areas where previously considered untapped resources are scarce.
In 2010, the United States led the world in geothermal power generation with 3,086 MW of installed capacity of 77 power plants.
The world's largest geothermal power plant Group is located in the geothermal field geyser in California.
The Philippines is the second largest producer with an online capacity of 1,904 MW.
Geothermal power accounts for about 27% of electricity generated in the Philippines.
In 2016, Indonesia ranked third with 1,647 MW, after 3,450 MW in the United States and 1,870 MW in the Philippines. However, due to the increase in online capacity of 130 MW at the end of 2016, with an increase of 255 megawatts in 2017, Indonesia will be the second.
Indonesia has 28,994 megawatts of geothermal reserves, the world's largest, and is expected to surpass the United States in the next decade.
Results and discussion of national capacity for installation of geothermal power generation capacity (MW)2007 [16]Capacity (MW)2010 [31]
Global geothermal production accounted for 2687 of the national electricity generation in the United States 3086 0.
29 Philippines 1969.
7 1904 27 18 Indonesia 992 1197 3.
7 11 Mexico 953 958 3 9 Italy 810. 5 843 1.
5 8 New Zealand 471
628 421 Iceland.
575 535 30 5 Japan. 2 536 0.
1 5 Iran 250 250 El Salvador 204.
204 128 Kenya. 8 167 11.
162, Costa Rica.
166 14 Nicaragua 87.
4 88 10 Russia 79 82 Turkey 38 82 Papua-
New Guinea 56 Guatemala 53 52 Portugal 23 29 China 27. 8 24 France 14. 7 16 Ethiopia 7. 3 7. 3 Germany 8. 4 6. 6 Austria 1. 1 1. 4 Australia 0. 2 1. 1 Thailand 0. 3 0. 3 TOTAL 9,981. 9 10,959.
Traditionally, seven geothermal power plants have been built specifically on the edge of the tectonic plate, high
There are geothermal resources near the surface.
The development of binary circulating power plants and the improvement of drilling and mining technologies have enabled the enhancement of geothermal systems in a larger geographic range.
Demonstration Project operated in Landao
Pfalz and Soultz, Germany-sous-
France, Forres, and Switzerland's early efforts in Basel were shut down after the earthquake.
Other demonstration projects are being built in Australia, the UK and the United States.
The thermal efficiency of the geothermal power plant is very low, about 10-23%, because the geothermal fluid does not reach the high temperature of the boiler steam.
The laws of thermodynamics limit the efficiency of heat engines to extract useful energy.
Waste gas is wasted unless it can be used directly and locally, for example in greenhouses, timber plants, and regional heating.
System efficiency will not have a significant impact on operating costs as the plants that use fuel, but it does affect the return on capital used to build the plant.
In order to generate more energy than the pump consumes, power generation requires relatively hot areas and specialized thermal cycles. [Need to quote]
Because geothermal power generation does not depend on a variety of energy sources, unlike wind or solar, its capacity factor can be quite large-up to 96% has been proven.
The global average for 2005 was 73%.
Geothermal energy sources have steam-
Dominant or liquiddominated form.
Larderello and Geyser are steam-dominated. Vapor-
The leading site provides a temperature from 240 to 300 °c for the generation of overheated steam. Liquid-
Liquid plants
Main Reservoir (LDRs)
It is more common when the temperature is greater than 200 °C (392 °F)
Discover the young volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean as well as the Rift Valley and hot spots.
Flash is a common way to generate electricity from these sources.
Often the pump is not required, but provides power when water becomes steam.
Most wells produce 2-10 MWe.
The steam is separated from the liquid through a cyclone separator, while the liquid is returned to the storage tank for re-heating/reuse.
As of 2013, the largest liquid system, Prieto Mountain, was in Mexico, producing a temperature of 750 MW to 350 °C (662 °F).
There is a chance that 2000 megawatts will be generated at the Salton yard in Southern California.
Low temperature LDRs (120–200 °C)
Pumping is required.
They are common in stretch terrain where heating is carried out through deep cycles along faults, such as in the western United States and Turkey.
Water cycles through a heat exchanger in a binary device in langken.
The water evaporates the organic working quality that drives the turbine.
These binary plants originated in the Soviet Union in the late 1960 s and dominated new plants in the United States.
No emissions from binary plants.
Energy sources with lower thermal temperatures generate energy equivalent to 100 barrels per year.
In 75 countries, light sources with temperatures of 30-150 °c are used as regional heating, greenhouses, fisheries, mineral recycling, industrial process heating and bathing without the need to convert to electricity.
Heat pumps extract energy from shallow sources at 10-20 °c in 43 countries for space heating and cooling.
Fastest home heating-
The development of geothermal energy is increasing, with an annual global growth rate of 30% in 2005 and 20% in 2012.
About 270 petajoules (PJ)
Geothermal heating was used in 2004.
More than half is for space heating and the other half is for heated swimming pools.
The rest supports industrial and agricultural applications.
The global installed capacity is 28 GW, but the capacity factor is often low (30% on average)
Because it needs heat most in winter.
It is estimated that about 88 pajamas for space heating are extracted.
3 million geothermal heat pumps with a total capacity of 15 GW.
Heat can also be extracted from co-for these purposes
Power generation in geothermal power plants.
Heating costs-
Effective in more locations than power generation.
In a natural hot spring or fountain, water can be delivered directly through a pipe to the radiator.
On hot and dry ground, heat can be collected by underground pipes or underground heat exchangers.
However, even in areas where the ground temperature is lower than room temperature, the cost of extracting heat with a geothermal heat pump is higher --
More efficient and cleaner than traditional stoves.
These devices utilize more shallow, colder resources than conventional geothermal technologies.
They often combine functions such as air conditioning, seasonal thermal energy storage, solar energy collection, and electric heating.
Heat pumps can basically be used for space heating anywhere.
Iceland is the world leader in direct application. Some 92.
5% of households use geothermal energy for heating, avoiding oil imports and saving Iceland $100 million a year.
REYKJAVIK, Iceland, has the largest regional heating system in the world, usually used to heat roads and roads to prevent the accumulation of ice.
It used to be the most polluted city in the world and is now one of the cleanest cities.
Enhanced geothermal system (EGS)
Actively inject water into the well, heat and pump it out.
Bet into the water at high pressure to expand the existing rock cracks and make the water free to enter and exit.
The technology is adapted from the oil and gas mining technology.
However, the geological structure is deeper and no toxic chemicals are used, reducing the possibility of environmental damage.
Directional drilling can be used by drilling workers to expand the size of the reservoir. Small-
Scale EGS have been installed in Graben, Rhine River, Soultz-sous-
The Forts of France, the forts of Germany and insham.
No fuel is needed for geothermal power generation (
Pump)
Therefore, immune to fuel cost fluctuations.
However, the cost of capital is huge.
Drilling costs account for more than half of the cost, and deep exploration resources are at great risk.
A typical double well (
Injection wells)
Can Support 4 in Nevada. 5 megawatts (MW)
The cost of drilling is about $10 million and the failure rate is 20%.
In general, the construction and drilling cost of power plants per megawatt of power capacity is about 2-500 million euros, while the breakeven price is 0. 04–0. 10 € per kW·h.
Enhanced geothermal systems tend to be at the high end of these ranges, with a capital cost of more than $4 million per megawatt and a break-even of more than $0.
Every kW · h 054 in 2007.
Direct heating applications can use shallow wells with lower temperatures, so smaller systems with lower costs and risks are feasible.
Residential Geothermal heat pump with a capacity of 10 KW (kW)
It is usually installed at $1-3,000 per kilowatt.
Regional heating systems may benefit from economies of scale if demand is geographically dense, such as in cities and greenhouses, but in addition to that, pipeline installation dominates capital costs.
The capital cost of such a regional heating system in Bavaria is estimated to be slightly higher than 1 million euros per megawatt.
Direct systems of any size are much simpler than generators, with lower maintenance costs per kW · h, but they have to consume power to run pumps and compressors.
Some government-funded geothermal projects.
Geothermal power generation is highly scalable from the countryside to the entire city.
The most developed geothermal field in the United States is a geyser in Northern California.
There are several stages of development for geothermal projects.
There are associated risks at each stage.
Many projects were canceled in the early stages of surveys and geophysical surveys, which made this stage unsuitable for traditional loans.
Projects moving forward from identification, exploration and exploration drilling are usually traded for equity in exchange for financing.
The thermal energy inside the Earth flows to the surface at a rate of 44. 2 terawatts (TW)
It is supplemented by radioactive decay of minerals at a speed of 30 TW.
These powers are more than double the current consumption of all major energy sources for humans, but most of this energy flow is non-recyclable.
In addition to the internal heat flow, the top depth of the surface is 10 m (33 ft)
It is heated by solar energy in the summer, releasing energy and cooling in the winter.
In addition to seasonal variations, the geothermal gradient through the temperature of the crust is 25-30 °c (77–86 °F)
Depth per kilometer in most parts of the world
The average heat flux is 0. 1 MW/km2.
These values are much higher near the boundary of the plate with thinner crust.
Through the combination of magma channels, hot springs, hot water cycles, or these cycles, the fluid cycle may further enhance them.
Geothermal heat pumps can extract enough heat from shallow soil anywhere in the world to provide home heating, but industrial applications require deep resources at higher temperatures.
Thermal efficiency and profitability of power generation are particularly sensitive to temperature.
The most demanding applications get the most benefits from high natural heat flow, preferably with hot springs.
The next best option is to drill a well in a hot underground reservoir.
If there is not enough reservoir, the artificial reservoir can be built by injecting water into a hydraulic broken rock bed.
The last method is called hot dry rock geothermal energy in Europe and enhanced geothermal system in North America.
The potential of this method may be much greater than that of traditional exploitation of natural reservoirs.
The estimated potential for geothermal power generation is six times different.
Depending on the size of the investment.
The upper limit estimate for geothermal resources assumes a depth of 10 kilometers (6 mi)
The existing geothermal wells rarely exceed 3 kilometers (2 mi)deep.
This deep well is now common in the oil industry.
The Kola ultra-deep drilling is the deepest research well in the world, with a total length of 12 kilometers (7 mi)deep.
Hot Energy Association of Base Areas (GEA)
Geothermal capacity in the United States increased by 5%, up 147.
05 MW, final annual survey in March 2012.
This increase comes from seven geothermal projects that began production in 2012.
GEA also raised its estimated installed capacity of 2011 MW by 128 MW, enabling the currently installed US power company. S.
Geothermal capacity reached 3,386 MW.
Geothermal is considered renewable because any expected heat extraction is small compared to the Earth's heat.
The heat content inside the Earth is 1031 Joules (3·1015 TW·hr)
About 100 billion times the current (2010)
Global energy consumption every year.
About 20% of this is the waste heat from the accumulation of planets, and the rest is attributed to the higher rate of radioactive decay that existed in the past.
The natural heat flow is not balanced, and the Earth is slowly cooling on the geological time scale.
Human extraction usually accounts for only a small part of natural outflow without accelerating natural outflow.
Geothermal power generation is also considered sustainable because it can maintain the complex ecosystem of the Earth.
By using geothermal energy, contemporary humans do not jeopardize the ability of future generations to use their own resources to reach the current amount of energy used.
In addition, because of its low-emission geothermal energy, it is considered to have great potential to mitigate global warming.
Although geothermal power generation is sustainable globally, mining must be monitored to avoid local depletion.
In the past few decades, individual wells have lowered local temperatures and water levels until the natural flow reaches a new balance.
Larderello, Wairakei and geysers, the three oldest sites, have reduced production due to local depletion.
In an uncertain proportion, the extraction speed of heating and water is faster than the replenishment speed.
If production is reduced and water is re-injected, in theory these wells can reach their full potential.
Such mitigation strategies have been implemented in some locations. The long-
The long-term sustainability of geothermal energy has been demonstrated in the Lardarello field in Italy since 1913, the Wairakei field in New Zealand since 1958, and the geyser field in California since 1960.
Geothermal energy is the heat inside the Earth. it can produce many geological phenomena.
However, the expression of geothermal energy is now used to represent a part of the Earth's thermal energy that can or can be extracted and utilized by humans.
Geothermal resources are an important form of renewable and sustainable energy currently used in many parts of the world (
Dixon and Vanelli, 2003).
Volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, blowholes, and other surface phenomena like this will certainly make our ancestors suspect that parts of the Earth's interior are hot.
However, it was not until the 16 th to 17 th centuries that when the first mines were dug into a depth of several hundred metres that the temperature increased with the depth.
The first temperature measured with a thermometer may be M.
On 1740, De Gensanne in a mine near Belfort, France (Buffon, 1778).
Since 1870, the thermal state of the Earth has been studied by modern scientific methods, but until the 20 th century, the discovery of radioactive thermal action, we have a good understanding of the Earth's heat balance and thermal history.
All modern thermal models of the Earth must include-
Radioisotopes of uranium (238U, 235U), thorium (232Th)and potassium (40K)
Within the Earth (Lubimova, 1969).
However, the contribution of other heat sources is not easily defined, including the heat inherited by the Earth (thermal)
Thermal energy, gravitational energy and kinetic energy of tides.
Until 1980 seconds, realistic thermal models are available, when there is a lack of balance between the heat generated by radioactive isotope decay within the Earth and the heat dispersed from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere;
In other words, it is clear that our planet is slowly cooling down.
In the heat balance developed by Frank D.
Stacey and David E.
Loper, the total heat dissipated from the Earth's surface is 421012 W (
Conduction, convection and radiation);
The amount of heat flowing out of the Earth's mantle alone accounts for 82% of the Earth's total volume (
See below. )
Estimated at 10. 31012 W (
Stacey, jogging, 1988).
The recent calculations used more data, giving a surface heat flux value of 6% higher than the surface heat flux reported by Stacey and Loper.
So the cooling rate of the crust is a little faster than these authors estimate, but in any case, the cooling rate of our planet is very slow.
At the bottom of it, the crust temperature at about 4,000 °c has dropped by 300-
The maximum temperature above 350 is 3 billion °c.
It is estimated that, assuming an average surface temperature of 15 °c, the total heat of the energy contained in the Earth is approximately 12.
61024 MJ, and think that the order of heat energy contained in the crust is 5. 41021 MJ (Armstead, 1983).
Therefore, the Earth's thermal energy is huge, but human beings can only use part of it.
So far, its use is limited to areas where geological conditions permit vectors (
Water in liquid or gas phase)
Transport heat from a deep heat zone or near the surface to produce what is commonly called a geothermal resource.
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Petresscu, Teca. Nano-
Diamond mixing materials for structural biomedical applications. Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, B. Akash, R. B. Bucinell and J. M. Corchado et al. , 2017b.
Movement and force of a new forging manipulator. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 14: 60-80. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella, I. T. F. Petrescu and J. K. Calautit et al. , 2017c.
Something about V engine design. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 14: 34-52. Aversa, R. , D. Parcesepe, R. V. V. Petrescu, F. Berto and G. Chen et al. , 2017d.
Processing capacity of large metal glass. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 14: 294-301. Aversa, R. , R. V. V. Petrescu, B. Akash, R. B. Bucinell and J. M. Corchado et al. , 2017e.
Some things about thermal motor balance. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 10: 200. 217. DOI: 10. 3844/ajeassp. 2017. 200. 217 Aversa, R. , F. I. T. Petrescu, R. V. Petrescu and A.
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Bionic FEA bone modeling developed by customized hybrid biological prosthesis. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 13: 1060-1067. DOI: 10. 3844/ajassp. 2016. 1060. 1067 Aversa, R. , D. Parcesepe, R. V. Petrescu, G. Chen and F. I. T. Petrescu et al. , 2016b.
Morphological defects caused by glass-like amorphous metal injection molding. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 13: 1476-1482. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, F. I. T. Petrescu and A.
Apicella, 206C. Smart-
Factory: optimization and process control of compound centrifugal pipes. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 13: 1330-1341. Aversa, R. , F. Tamburrino, R. V. Petrescu, F. I. T. Petrescu and M. Artur et al. , 2016d.
Shape memory effect machines inspired by muscle-driven biomechanics, such as NiTi alloys acting. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 13: 1264-1271. Aversa, R. , E. M. Buzea, R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and M. Neacsa et al. , 2016e.
A mechanical and electrical integration system that can determine the concentration of carrots is presented. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1106-1111. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, R. Sorrentino, F. I. T. Petrescu and A.
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Polymer nano-composite materials for the design and preparation of bionic support. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1096-1105. Aversa, R. , V. Perrotta, R. V. Petrescu, C. Misiano and F. I. T. Petrescu et al. , 2016g.
From structure color to super
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Apicella, 2016 h, in sustainable product development, imitation and evolutionary design drive innovation. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1027-1036. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F. I. T.
Petrescu, 206i.
The mitochondrial is a miniature robot. a review. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 991-1002. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F. I. T.
Petrescu, 2028.
We're addicted to vitamin C and E. A review. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1003-1018. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F. I. T.
Petrescu, 2016 k.
Physiological body fluid and swelling behavior of hydrophilic biocompatible hybrid neuroceramics
Polymer materials. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 962-972. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F. I. T.
Petrescu, 206L.
People can slow down aging through antioxidants. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1112-1126. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F. I. T.
Petrescu, 2016 m
About Homeopathy or similar therapy. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1164-1172. Aversa, R. , R. V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F. I. T.
Petrescu, 206n.
Basic elements of life. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1189-1197. Aversa, R. , F. I. T. Petrescu, R. V. Petrescu and A.
Apicella, 206o.
Bone beam prosthesis with flexible handle. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci. , 9: 1213-1221. Mirsayar, M. M. , V. A. Joneidi, R. V. V. Petrescu, F. I. T. Petrescu and F.
Berto, an extended MTSN criterion for fracture analysis of 2017 soda lime glass. Eng.
Fracture Mechanics: 50-17859. DOI: 10. 1016/j. engfracmech. 2017. 04. Petrescu, RCCL 18V. and F. I.
Petrescu, 203A.
Lockheed Martin1st Edn.
, Create space, pp: 114Petrescu, R. V. and F. I.
Petrescu, 203B. Northrop. 1st Edn.
, CreateSpace, pp: 96. Petrescu, R. V. and F. I.
Petrescu, 203C.
I color the history of aviation or the new plane. 1st Edn.
, Create space, pp: 292Petrescu, F. I. and R. V. Petrescu, 2012.
New aircraft II. 1st Edn.
Books on Demand, pp: 138. Petrescu, F. I. and R. V. Petrescu, 2011.
Memories of flight1st Edn.
, Create space, pp: 652Petrescu, F. I. T. , 2009. New aircraft.
Record of 3rd International Conference on Computational Mechanics, October. 29-
30, Bradford, Romania. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
GEINTEC-Otto motor power
Geological Park, 6 (3):3392-3406. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, 206B, GEINTEC-dynamic film of structure
Geological Park, 6 (2):3143-3154. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
Journal of independent management and production, 204A Cam gear dynamics in classic release, 5 (1):166-185. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
Journal of independent management and production, 5 (2):275-298. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu R. V.
, ENGEVISTA, 16,201 4c gear design (4):313-328. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
International Review of Otto d balance Otto engine, mechanical engineering 8 (3):473-480. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, The equation of the machine to the classical distribution, International Mechanical Engineering Review 8 (2):309-316. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, Internal combustion engine force, International Modeling and Simulation Review 7 (1):206-212. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
Determination of yield of 2014g internal combustion engine, International Mechanical Engineering Review 8 (1):62-67. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
Dynamic synthesis of 2014 h Cam
Khwarizmi Journal of Engineering, 10 (1):1-23. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu R. V.
, Dynamic synthesis of 203a rotating cam and Pan tappet with roller, ENGEVISTA 15 (3):325-332. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, 203B high efficiency Cam, International Review of mechanical engineering 7 (4):599-606. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
Algorithm for setting dynamic parameters of classical allocation mechanism, International Modeling and Simulation Review 6 (5B):1637-1641. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, Dynamic synthesis, modeling and simulation of rotating cam and Pan tappet with roller International Review 6 (2B):600-607. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
International Review of mechanical engineering 7 "force and efficiency of Cam" (3):507-511. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, 202a echilibarea motoarelor termice, creating space, publisher, United States, November 2012, ISBN 978-1-4811-2948-
Page 0,40, Romanian version. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, November 2012, US, ISBN 978-1-4810-8316-
4, 88 pages, English version. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, 202C moto are termice, creating a space publisher, USA, October 2012, ISBN 978-1-4802-0488-
Romanian version, page 164. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, 201A Dinamica mecanismelor de distributie, creating space, publisher, United States, December 2011, ISBN 978-1-4680-5265-
Page 188, Romanian. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, Trenuri planetare, creating a space publisher, USA, December 2011, ISBN 978-1-4680-3041-
Page 204, Romanian. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu, R. V.
, 201C Gear solution, creating a space Publisher, ISBN 978, November 2011-1-4679-8764-
6, 72 pages, English version. Petrescu, F. I. and R. V. Petrescu, 2005.
Contribution to Cam dynamics.
Minutes of the ninth International Symposium on machine and mechanism theory of IFToMM ,(TMM’ 05)
Bucharest, Romania, pp: 123-128. Petrescu, F. and R. Petrescu, 1995.
Contributi la sinteza mecanismelor de distributie ale motoarelor cu ardere intern GmbH.
Minutes of the ESFA meeting ,(ESFA’ 95)
, Bucuresti, pp: 257-264. Petrescu, FIT.
"Geometric synthesis of distribution mechanism", American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 8 (1):63-81. DOI: 10. 3844/ajeassp. 2015. 63.
81 Petrescu, FIT.
Machine equations of motion on Internal combustion engines, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 8 (1):127-137. DOI: 10. 3844/ajeassp. 2015. 127. 137 Petrescu, F. I.
, 202b Teoria mecanismelor-villain aplicatii (editia a doua)
, Create a space publisher, USA, September 2012, ISBN 978-1-4792-9362-
Page 9,284, Romanian version, tujing: 10. 13140/RG. 2. 1. 2917.
1926 Petrescu, F. I. , 2008.
Theoretical and applied contributions on the dynamics of plane mechanisms with excellent joints.
Doctoral thesis of Bucharest University of Technology. Petrescu, FIT. ; Calautit, JK. ; Mirsayar, M. ; Marinkovic, D. ;
2015 American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science No. 8 structural dynamics of distribution mechanisms with swing tappets (4):589-601. DOI: 10. 3844/ajeassp. 2015. 589.
Petrescu, FIT 601. ; Calautit, JK. ;
2016 about nano fusion and dynamic fusion, American Journal of Applied Science, 13 (3):261-266. Petrescu, R. V. V. , R. Aversa, A. Apicella, F. Berto and S. Li et al. , 2016a.
Protect the ecosystem through green energy. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 13: 1027-1032. DOI: 10. 3844/ajassp. 2016. 1027.
1032 Petrescu, F. I. T. , A. Apicella, R. V. V. Petrescu, S. P. Kozaitis and R. B. Bucinell et al. , 2016b.
Protect the environment through nuclear energy. Am. J. Applied Sci. , 13: 941-946. Petrescu, F. I. , Petrescu R. V.
The speed and acceleration of the 3R robot is 2017, ENGEVISTA 19 (1):202-216. Petrescu, RV. Petrescu, FIT. , Aversa, R. , Apicella, A.
, 2017 Nano Energy, Engevista, 19 (2):267-292. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
2017 energy Cape Verde PROTEGER ø meio ambiente, Geintec, Army (1):3722-3743. Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, 2017 Online Journal of Underwater Biological Sciences, 17 (2): 70-87. Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, Fit. , 2017 Nano-
Diamond mixing materials for structural biomedical applications, American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 13 (1): 34-41. Syed, J. , Dharrab, AA. , Zafa, MS. , Khand, E. , Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, 2017 effect of cured light type and dyeing medium on discoloration stability of dental repair composite materials, Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 13 (1): 42-50. Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Chen, G. , Li, S. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
2017 American Journal of Applied Science No. 14 (1):60-80. Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT. , Calautit, JK. , Mirsayar, MM. , Bucinell, R. , Berto, F. , Akash, B.
2017 some content about V engine design, American Journal of Applied Science 14 (1):34-52. Aversa, R. , Parcesepe, D. , Petrescu, RV. , Berto, F. , Chen, G. Petrescu, FIT. Tambrino, F. , Apicella, A.
, 2017 American Journal of Applied Science 14 (processing performance of bulk metal glass2): 294-301. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Calautit, JK. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
S. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, No. 10, thermal engine combustion yield is 2017 (1): 243-251. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
Speed and acceleration of the 3R mechatronics system 2017, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 10 (1): 252-263. Berto, F. , Gagani, A. , Petrescu, RV. Petrescu, FIT.
Review of Fatigue Strength of 2017 American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 10-load shear welded joints (1):1-12. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, 2017 the physical structure of the proposed person n-
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science1): 279-291. Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Chen, G. , Li, S. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, 2017 some content about thermal motor balance, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 10 (1):200-217. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, Reverse motion of 2017 humanoid robots, Triangle method, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 394-411. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Calautit, JK. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 2017-force internal combustion engine, 10 (2): 382-393. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT. , 2017 Gears-
Part 1, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 457-472. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT. , 2017 Gears-
Part II, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 473-483. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT. , 2017 Cam-
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 491-505. Aversa, R. , Petrescu, RV. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
2017 American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 484-490. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Kosaitis, S. , Abu-Lebdeh, T. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, Mechanism dynamics with Cam shown in 2017 classic release of American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 10 (2): 551-567. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Bucinell, R. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Kosaitis, S. , Abu-Lebdeh, T. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
Non-Test 2017
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 568-583. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Li, S. , Mirsayar, MM. , Bucinell, R. , Kosaitis, S. , Abu-Lebdeh, T. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, 2017 electronic size, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (2): 584-602. Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Kozaitis, S. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2017 Deuteron Dimensions, 10 (3). Petrescu RV. , Aversa R. , Apicella A. , Petrescu FIT.
2017 American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (3). Petrescu RV. , Aversa R. , Kozaitis S. , Apicella A. , Petrescu FIT.
2017 American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (3). Petrescu RV. , Aversa R. , Kozaitis S. , Apicella A. , Petrescu FIT.
Some basic reactions in 2017 nuclear fusion, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 10 (3).
Petrescu, Victoria
Aversa, Lovell; Akash, Bilal;
Ronald BucknellCorchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo;
Mill Millard in Mill, Zaya.
Antonio;
Petrescu, Florian Ion tibelu;
Modern equipment for aerospace
Review of The Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1).
Petrescu, Victoria
Aversa, Lovell; Akash, Bilal;
Ronald BucknellCorchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo;
Mill Millard in Mill, Zaya.
Antonio;
Petrescu, Florian Ion tibelu;
Modern equipment for aerospace
Part 2, Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1).
Petrescu, Victoria
Aversa, Lovell; Akash, Bilal;
Ronald BucknellCorchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo;
Mill Millard in Mill, Zaya.
Antonio;
Petrescu, Florian Ion tibelu;
Aviation history of Aviation c-
Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1).
Petrescu, Victoria
Aversa, Lovell; Akash, Bilal;
Ronald BucknellCorchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo;
Mill Millard in Mill, Zaya.
Antonio;
Petrescu, Florian Ion tibelu;
Lockheed Martin
Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1).
Petrescu, Victoria
Aversa, Lovell; Akash, Bilal; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo;
Mill Millard in Mill, Zaya.
Antonio;
Petrescu, Florian Ion tibelu;
The Journal of our universe, aircraft and spaceship technology, 1 (1).
Petrescu, Victoria
Aversa, Lovell; Akash, Bilal; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo;
Mill Millard in Mill, Zaya.
Antonio;
Petrescu, Florian Ion tibelu;
What is UFO f UFO?
Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1). Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
, 2017 about Bell helicopter FCX-
001 concept aircraft
Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1). Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
2017 Airbus, Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1). Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Mirsayar, MM. , Kozaitis, S. , Abu-Lebdeh, T. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
2017 Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 1 (1). Petrescu, RV. , Aversa, R. , Akash, B. , Corchado, J. , Berto, F. , Apicella, A. Petrescu, FIT.
Boeing Dreamtime 2017-review of the Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology (1).
History of aviation, from Wikipedia, free encyclopedia.
Retrieved from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia: Balloon history.
Retrieved from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia: Airship.
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