background history of the energy crisis - all in one solar street light

The energy crisis and its impact on the environment can be defined as any property that can be generated or converted from work to work.
In today's world, energy is a prerequisite for any development and all industrial operations.
Life without energy is unthinkable.
Energy production and utilization are indicators of national progress.
Heat, light and electricity are different forms of energy.
While energy drives the world, the impact of the energy generated and used on the environment is amazing.
More people, rapid industrialisation, more energy generation, over-production, uncontrolled consumption, and destruction of the environment are all interrelated. linked issues.
Major problems are slowly turning into crises that threaten our survival.
The historical background of energy use: fire may be the first energy technology for human beings.
Charcoal from the fire was found at the site where our early ancestors lived.
Wind and water have long been used.
Muscle strength provided by livestock is important for agriculture.
The invention of steam engines, coupled with the decrease in timber supply in industrialized countries, led to the transformation of coal as a major energy source in the 19 th century.
Thanks to the convenience of transporting, storing and burning liquid fuels, coal was replaced by oil again this century.
Recent electricity and gas (petrol)
It has changed the economic prosperity and lifestyle of many countries.
Renewable and non-renewable
Renewable energy that is constantly being provided is called renewable energy. (Eg).
Geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, ocean currents, nuclear fusion, gobar gas, biomass, vegetable waste, etc. Non-
Renewable energy-these energy sources accumulate in nature for a long time and cannot be replaced if they run out. (Ex).
Coal, ore, oil, wood, natural gas, electricity, etc.
Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal now provide about 95% of the world's commercial energy.
The energy crisis is caused by the rapid development of urbanization and industrialism.
Our oil and gas resources are decreasing.
Until the last drop of oil is removed from the ground, it is difficult to expect the oil industry to operate at full capacity.
It seems that unless domestic supply is extended by one or more of the next steps, our oil and gas will run out by about 2020.
Measures to be taken to solve the energy crisis 1.
Reduce fuel consumption: the main target area is heating and transportation, accounting for 18% and 25% of our total energy demand, respectively.
Fuel consumption in these areas can be reduced (a)
Proper Insulation of existing buildings and design changes of new buildings (eg.
Use less flat glass), (
Saving about 33% of energy. (b)
Improve the fuel economy of the car ,(c)
Use more efficient means of transport. 2.
Developing new energy: the energy crisis promotes the development of alternative energy (
Alternatives to fossil fuels)
In addition to the heat generated by burning fossil fuels. (a)
Wind Energy: Wind power is of great significance in India, as there are large coastal, hilly and desert areas where wind power can be effectively used to generate electricity and pump water.
The use of wind energy is simple.
The impact of the wind blowing on the specially designed blades of the windmill rotor will cause the windmill to rotate.
This rotating mechanical energy drives the generator when coupled with the turbine.
Therefore, Wind Energy delivers a small amount of energy at the scene.
The Indian subcontinent is a region with a strong wind and its energy potential is about 20,000 MW.
There are already wind farms in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.
Advantages of wind power generation: 1.
Electricity generation is cheaper.
Power supply at the speed of each ii 40 paise.
No pollution or environmental degradation.
Since power generation is continuous, unlike diesel power generation, investment will never be idle. (b)
Geothermal energy has quickly become an important source of electricity in several island countries, mainly in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Geothermal power plants use natural heating steam that attracts to the surface through a series of drilling holes.
Hot Rock that generates energy, hot dry rock (HDR)
Technology is especially suitable for countries like India, where geological patterns are conducive to the easy development of such resources.
The excavation energy includes drilling holes several kilometers deep in the depths of the Earth, where the rock temperature range is 200-250oC.
The water is pumped into these holes and allows circulation through the network of cracks in the source rock that may be only a few millimeters wide.
The water then squirts out of the second hole in the form of steam under pressure.
Steam is used to power a turbine that generates electricity, after which the steam is condensed into water that can be used again. (c)
Small water source power generation is probably the cheapest and most reliable of all renewable energy sources.
It can be easily used in the most eco-friendly way from nearby canals or streams.
Nature offers great water and electricity potential to the Indian subcontinent and is very generous and generous. (d)
Various methods of extracting energy from the ocean are as follows. 1. Ocean winds, 2. Ocean waves, 3. Ocean tides, 4.
Ocean current, 5.
Ocean geothermal, 6.
Conversion of ocean thermal energy (OTEC), 7.
Salinity gradient and 8.
Biological transformation of marine weeds.
India's first power plant to generate electricity using marine energy was put into production at Vizhinjam fishing port in Kerala, providing 150 MW of energy a year.
Tide energy: waves and tides contain a lot of energy.
Tide energy can be important because it is renewable, pollution-free and more stable compared to hydro power that relies on the monsoon cycle.
Tidal power plants are being designed in Bay of Canada, Kuchi of India, and tidal waves are found to be within the correct range. (e)
Solar energy: solar energy is another energy source.
The total amount Earth receives from the sun every year is 5 × 1020 k. cals of energy.
Solar energy is the main source of all forms of energy on Earth and is renewable energy.
Advantages of solar energy :(a)
Solar energy is a common, decentralized, non-
Polluting energy (b)
Through the process of photosynthesis and greenhouse effect, it greatly helps to maintain ecological balance. (c)
It does not have the disadvantages found in the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas. (f)
Nuclear energy: Nuclear energy is the only energy source, and it is economically feasible at present and in the near future.
It can replace fossil fuels.
In nuclear fission, a heavy atom splits into smaller fragments under neutron bombardment, accompanied by the evolution of great energy.
Despite this advantage, the problem of nuclear waste disposal remains.
Nuclear fusion is expected to become the ideal energy for the future.
Light nuclei such as tritium in nuclear fusion (2 1H)and tritium (3 1H)
Combine to form a heavier stable nucleus.
In addition, fusion products are not radioactive, thus greatly reducing potential safety hazards associated with fission reactors.
The light isotopes needed for fusion are very common and can meet all our energy needs for hundreds of years.
Unfortunately, in order to maintain the flow of energy, the fusion reaction is not yet perfect. (g)
Bio gas or Gobar gas: Gobar gas plants are based on anaerobic fermentation of organic waste without air.
Through the gas phase, the heating efficiency of cow dung was increased by about 20%.
Organic fertilizer production is about 43% higher than dry cow dung itself.
This fertilizer can also reduce the pressure on naptha.
Based on fertilizer.
It is estimated that the energy equivalent of 10 m³ of biogas is 6.
Natural gas 0 m³, 3.
6 liters of N-alcohol, 7.
Gasoline is 0 liters or 6.
1 liter of diesel. (h)
Hydrogen is the source of power for the future. Hydrogen is found to be a good choice among all alternative fuel options.
It can be produced in almost unlimited quantities with existing production technology.
It has been determined that hydrogen can meet all the energy needs of human society, including generating electricity more efficiently and economically than petroleum fuels, and is fully compatible with the environment.
Besides, hydrogen is
Toxic, it is quite safe to treat, distribute and use as fuel.
The mass energy content of hydrogen is the highest, and the Heat burned per unit weight is about 2.
5 times the hydrocarbon fuel, 4.
5 times of ethanol, 6.
0 times of methanol.
Its thermodynamic energy conversion efficiency is 30-
More than 35% gasoline (20-25%).
Environmental impact 1.
Air, water and soil pollution caused by these plants by thermal power, including fly ash, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.
This has become unacceptable in an environment-conscious society. 2.
Hydel hydro-
Electricity generation is related to Displacement and Resettlement of humans from the hydel plant to other places.
This led to a considerable number of people's problems, resulting in considerable delays in the implementation of the project and increased costs.
The new dams built may affect the ecosystems of the site. 3.
Nuclear Radioactive pollutants released by nuclear power plants are of long-term risk.
Commissioning of boiling water power reactor (BWRS)
Resulting in a critical accumulation of a large number of long-lived radionuclides in water.
Environmental activists believe that the hot sewage generated by nuclear reactors has seriously affected the aquatic ecosystem.
Hazardous radioactive waste cannot be buried on land without the risk of polluting the soil and groundwater.
Several well-known accidentsEx.
Former Chernobyl accident in the United StatesS. S. R. )
The radiation incident made the public very afraid of the radiation hazard. 4.
From an environmental point of view, the use of solar energy is a completely safe operation.
However, without reducing forest coverage, the location where larger solar power plants should be installed should be chosen.
The cadmium used in the manufacture of thin film solar cells is toxic and also a possible carcinogenic substance.
The carbon dioxide generated when silicon is formed from silica may increase the atmospheric temperature, resulting in a greenhouse effect.
Silicon dust is also an important occupational hazard. 5.
Burning coal, oil, wood, dung cakes and petroleum products from fossil fuels can cause environmental problems. (1)
The increase in carbon dioxide concentration is mainly due to the greenhouse effect and global warming, while (2)
Large Ash pools are needed to deal with fly ash, which may cause serious problems (3)
Smoke from burning wood, agricultural by-products
The dung cake of the product or animal can cause breathing and digestive problems, and may also cause eye and lung diseases. (4)
Sulphur nitrogen, sulfur di-
Oxide and carbon dioxide can cause heavy rain.