an energy solution in the (compressed) air? - energy storage solutions

The wind does not blow all the time, so the electricity it generates is also intermittent.
The solution to this problem can be extracted from the air, in fact, using a technology called "compressed air energy storage"A. E. S.
Compressed air storage is essentially the use of electricity to compress air and force it into the ground.
Then, when the air is released and burned by natural gas, it expands, drives the turbine and generates electricity.
Compression is done when cheap power is over
In the evening, for example, when the wind blows, but no one turns on the light.
It can be released when power demand is strong
In the middle of the day, for example, when the air conditioner buzzes.
Compressed air is one of several innovative storage technologies written by my colleague Matthew Wald last year, including ice.
Several states, including Iowa, Texas, Ohio, and my colleague Ken Belson, recently reported New Jersey, are exploring the project.
The technology has been used at a power plant in Alabama where compressed air is stored in salt hills.
Compression is also available in Germany-air plant.
Xcel Energy, a Western utility that uses a lot of wind power, is also studying compression-
According to Xcel Media Steve Roalstad, air storage, together with the electric power Institute
Director of relations
According to a recent article in The Toronto Star, the Ontario Department of Natural Resources is also evaluating the technology as it adds wind turbines.
Andrew Hewitt, mini manager of the oil resources center, for compression-
According to the newspaper, the combination of air and wind is the reason for the province's shutdown of coal-fired power plants.
Is there anything bad about it?
Samir Succar, energy analyst at the Natural Resources Conservation Committee
Wrote this paper on compression
The air storage Center at Princeton University says there are several reasons why the technology is not popular.
Among them is what he calls "risk culture --
The aversion to utilities, "and the complexity of the structure of the electricity market.
However, the rise of wind power
Increased demand for storage
This helps to stimulate new interest. Succar added.
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The challenge that CAES must overcome is (1)scale and (2)
On-Economicspeak/off-
Peak price difference.
Both are largely related to the physical properties of compressed air, which is a lowDensity, energy
Dense storage policy.
If wind is our only option, in order to make it more suitable as an engine capable of powering the modern industrial economy, it may be worth trying to remove these major obstacles.
Thankfully, we have an alternative to the superior properties and the potential of the order of magnitude than the land wind.
A better strategy for dealing with built wind capacity is system balancing demand management
Smart grid technology and strategy.
The necessary technologies exist today-all that is needed is the political will to deploy them.
What is the source of electricity used to store compressed air, and what is the ratio between the energy used to store and the energy generated?
Solar production, like wind energy, can also be affected intermittently, but in Arizona, you won't think the comments from the media and many environmental activists are a problem.
The storage of pumping water from the summit reservoir is another way of storing electricity, just like the storage of compressed air.
However, this requires huge construction projects and huge environmental insults.
The underground salt body is huge and is available in many states and can be used to make underground caves for compressed air storage.
But how do you deal with the large amount of salt water produced during the Salt dissolution process to build the cave?
I don't object to the peak reservoir and the salt caverns for energy storage, but if the public thinks it can be done with little damage to the environment, then they are frustrated.
Scale is not an important obstacle for CAES.
The current plant size is 100 mw, and the plant in Ohio is planned to reach gigawatts.
CAES is a utility company.
In the available technology, extend the storage system in the lowest unit storage capacity cost.
Also, the economy of CAES does not need to be driven by peak/off peak demand
Peak price difference.
The secondary service market and other value streams make storage viable today and several projects are currently under way.
Finally, the low energy density of the storage medium is not a problem, because the air is stored in the underground formation, so the space we occupy is not a core problem.
In fact, the geological footprint required to make wind a fully schedulable resource only accounts for a fraction of the land area of the wind farm it supports.
Smart grid technology and demand side management is a great technology and should be actively promoted.
So should distributed generation, energy efficiency, vehicles. to-
Grid technology, wind energy resources *, energy storage * area aggregation.
The scope of the challenges before us determines the use of every tool we have.
What exactly is the "complexity of the power market structure" and how can these barriers be reduced to give CAES a better prospect for widespread deployment?
Cheer up.
We have 6% of the unemployed and are still growing, and many people are not getting benefits because they don't have jobs.
We should give each of these people a fixed bike that can generate electricity and connect it to the power supply.
If everyone who enjoys government benefits spends an hour a day riding a bicycle to generate electricity, we will greatly reduce our dependence on foreign oil.
It's also a great way to get those who want to spend more than an hour riding a bike a day back to work.
As a benefit, we will also reduce medical costs as obesity and diabetes levels in the population decrease.
It was a victory. it was a victory.
Why not store excess energy by making hydrogen, which can be used on site for fuel cells when needed or moved?
Just sell the excess wind energy back to the grid.
It is hard to imagine that one day we will produce so much wind that it is no longer feasible.
A few years ago, I read about a man in the Midwest who runs his farm with wind, and the electricity he gets from the wind is stored in an old railway tanker.
Air tools and old tank cars are everywhere, which sounds like a great solution for where I'm lying.
It not only saved the transmission loss, but also removed him from the power grid.
Michael Hogan, 1 and 2, is not the main challenge for wind energy technology.
The most important thing is its capacity for sustainable development.
In the case of 1, build a large wind power plant, and 2 is a person who is not smart.
The above article tells you that wind energy, especially CAES, can only be a supplement to the current source (crude oil).
At present, CAES is a system that requires energy to create energy in a ratio of 50: 50 or close.
Plants using this method are strategic.
A society cannot live on it.
We need to be able to store things beyond what we need (i. e.
Crude oil reserves).
What if the wind speed drops for some reason? Stored energy. I love it.
Questions about this topic
I don't think the battery will store the energy it generates.
Right or wrong? Storage of energy (electric )
Among the large kidnappers (condensers )
Eestor is exploring.
Do you know anything about other electrical appliances?
I don't mean to use the current electricity to generate electricity later.
It will be very big if Eestor works.
There are some unadjustable storage media: CAS, heating water resevoirs, cracking water into H2 and O.
None of this matters until we get excess, unused power.
Once we have excess power, there won't be any debate about using it because the economy will force smart companies to do so.
And a well-
Test Method for energy storage: pumping system.
The idea is simple.
Use excess energy to push the pump uphill and let it flow down through the turbine to create energy when there is demand.
Australians have made large-scale development with their snow mountain hydropower program.
Re: 6, using human power generation.
Do you often get this illusion when you look at the Matrix?
Human beings are a very inefficient way of producing energy.
It may be better if we eat more raw food that is not processed, but it is still not cost-effective.
Even if you can solve the logistics problem (
This is a huge assumption)
On a fixed bike, a large number of unemployed people eat processed Gatorade to make things worse, not better. Grow up.
Samir, this article is not detailed.
Salt Point (et al)
Will it work like an accumulator?
If so, would you use the tank to measure the air flow from the motor/compressor substation?
I would like to know what is the most effective way to capture this potential energy . . . . . . Will you use daisy chain Motor/pump set from each unit of the windmill farm?
I missed a lot of information and needed a website.
Physics is correct.
This project is feasible.
But economics must be studied carefully.
Many effective ideas have no economic significance: the current price of oil and gas, wind power is not even economical, because the wind is always blowing evenly. (
Why when I visit the Patterson Pass Wind Farm in California, its hundreds of turbines are not turned even on windy days? )
You can't make it economical with a tax credit or something like that;
This will only pass on the cost to the average taxpayer.
Practical problems: 1.
Due to losses in pipes and turbines, heat flow from compressed heated air to cavity walls, etc, only a small fraction of the stored energy is recyclable.
The recovery rate of pumped storage reservoir may be 65%.
What is compressed air? 2.
Tank can not leak.
The caves in the salt hills can satisfy this, because the salt is mined in the past, so they are available.
Otherwise, leak
The evidence holes are unusual in geology and cannot be found in most places where they may be needed.
Is it possible to grout other abandoned mines? 3.
Restore energy by compressing air through a turbine.
If you use it to burn the gas, almost all of the energy comes from the burning gas, not from the compressed energy of the recovered air.
Professor Jonathan Katz of Jonathan swashington UniversityLouis, Mo.
Maybe everyone can eat beans, brocholli, etc, instead of letting the unemployed ride their bikes to generate electricity.
Then we can run in the heat.
Samir, the scope of future challenges determines our pursuit of solar energy rather than "all the tools we can use ".
"Solar energy is the only renewable primary energy source with high density and reliability, which can replace coal without assuming a large amount of land use conversion and unrealistic construction --
Widely dispersed and underutilized AC transmission lines.
We need the option to be able to compete with coal under our own steam for ten years-capacity value, schedulability, scale and energy price-if we have the chance to go
Carbon the power sector in a timely manner to avoid catastrophic warming scenarios.
Given that the level of public subsidies may be in contrast to the total investment in new energy infrastructure over the next 20 years, a decentralized approach that seeks to please the wind energy industry and any other promoter of "green, or a method driven by the dream of a completely decentralized power system (
As your post suggests)
Will prevent us from reaching "escape speed" for a few technologies that can dominate business"
Funding for energy investments, which will account for the vast majority of the required funds.
Jonathan Katz: Your Views 1 and 2 are regular engineering challenges.
These problems can be solved to a considerable extent.
Your opinion 3 is not to exit the correct compressed air is sent to the turbine through a pipe.
Enter compressed air.
Output power from the generator.
The middle is compressed air/pipe loss/turbine.
The idea is feasible, the economy is good, but only as a supplement.
The challenge is to make the whole system completely reliable.
As good as crude, or better than crude. This is absurd.
The team should hire someone who knows thermodynamics, chemistry, physics, engineering.
It's as ridiculous as a "clean coal" scam & storing carbon dioxide underground.
If you are burning carbon, any fossil fuel, you will get carbon dioxide [2 [9 kJoules(heat)/ gram CO2]
You get 4 grams of carbon dioxide per gram.
The so-called renewable energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, etc. are all helpful, but they are of little significance.
Almost everything is a "hot engine "(All the animals
The efficiency will be less than 50%.
The rest were lost to the hot atmosphere.
Hope to be a proton
(Exchange)PEM)
Fuel cells that are not thermal engines, so the efficiency can reach 60 to 70%e.
It is 3 or 4 times the gasoline or diesel engine.
Applying this to hundreds of millions of cars and trucks on the road, energy saving is huge --
Not to mention polls. Daimler-
Chrysler has been running buses in Europe for years.
Ballard Power system has a proton exchange battery of 50kw (67 hp)
You can hold it in your arms (1. 1kW/liter)
The hydrogen car has not existed for the past 50 years because it is also ridiculous.
You get electricity from the electrolysis of water by electricity.
From the State Grid that produces carbon dioxide
So is hydrogen.
On the same route, gasoline equals a car. Hydrogen vehicles emit 17% more carbon dioxide than gasoline vehicles.
Hydrogen has no effect on saving resources, curbing pollution or reducing carbon dioxide, just transferring pollution from cities to rural power plants.
The relative energy content of some fuels is kilojoules/G: hydrogen gem 143, methane 56, gasoline 48, coal 32, ethanol 30, carbohydrate 16, carbon monoxide 10.
Our human thermal engine will eventually "burn" carbs.
Note: Nuclear power is the safest and pollution-free heat (energy)source.
100 grams of fission (3. 5 ounce)
Uranium has the same energy as 270 tons of coal. The U. S. S.
Prior to the replacement of the reactor, Nautilus's offshore test took 2 years at 1955 nautical miles, lasting 60,000 nautical miles.
If you have a diesel engine, you need 720,000 of the fuel.
The last hope of mankind is Fusion & ITER (
International thermal nuclear Experimental Reactor)
Construction is under way in France.
Retired engineers and mathematicians
Jon Spencer-removing salt water is the main problem in some cases.
At the 110 MW plant in Alabama, they were able to sell salt water in a profitable way, but that's not always the case-you can create H2 from the wind, but compared to other H2 production methods, the $/GJ produced by H2 is very high-Spain has to throw it away (curtail)
Because their grid can't handle power generation from turbines.
We are starting to see a significant penetration of wind on the Internet today.
Growing areas like West Texas, we will soon see these problems in the United States!
I don't know what makes you think the energy ratio of CAES is 50: 50.
Using natural gas as an effective electrical input for CAES and using the standard conversion efficiency of CAES, the round-trip efficiency of CAES is 77-
82%, similar to pumped storstoragekevin-I think you will get the information you need from the newspaper I workauthored (
Quote in blog post)
-I'm trying to provide a fairly extensive list of references.
Professor Katz-our thesis studies economics (
Quote in blog post)
We found that the carbon price needed for coal to generate electricity to remove carbon also makes the base charge/CAES system economical.
The alternative to the salt dome is the porous rock formation (
Salt water layer and exhausted gas well).
This requires a good caprock, but fluid storage in porous rock has been a routine job of natural gas storage for nearly a century.
Michael Hogan-I suggest you take a look at our analysis of the 2,000 MW key Lotus/CAES system (
Especially the point of breakthrough-
The carbon price of this system is even similar to the coal IGCC of CCS).
This also addresses your point of view about underutilized conversion lines, but I don't think that's the biggest problem in the end.
Solar energy is absolutely critical, and we should target emerging technologies and direct appropriate investments to make them cost-competitive.
First solar has claimed the grid parity of photovoltaic power generation, and we should quickly seek the scale of CSP and other technologies, with the possibility to avoid an increase in carbon emissions in the end.
I think you're right, we need to focus on the technology that gets us there the fastest, not the technology that doesn't work, but wind energy has largely met our demand for electricity.
It's a rich, low
Carbon Energy that consumes very little water (
The last part will be more and more important).
This year, we will be installing 8000 MW of wind in the US, and I think it makes sense that we should have momenum continue to install the wind.
I appreciate the comments and responses on this topic-this is the topic I spent a lot of time discussing.
I suggest you take a look at the switchboard blog for NRDC, where I will comment on these issues in the future. many thanks!
Although energy storage is an exciting area and there have been many technological advances recently, it is important to reduce the enthusiasm for energy storage and recognize that wind power can be integrated into the grid without energy storage, and the fact that energy storage is usually not the highest cost --
Effective means to adapt to grid changes.
One of the most obvious indicators that do not need storage to adapt to wind power is European countries such as Denmark, Spain, Ireland, and Germany has successfully integrated a large amount of wind energy, instead of having to install new energy storage resources.
Similarly, many peers
A retrospective study in the United StatesS.
Including Doe, the 20% Wind Energy reports as of 2030 concluded that wind energy can provide us with 20% or more of our electricity without the need for energy storage.
How is this possible?
The secret is the source of flexibility that already exists on the Internet.
Power grid operators constantly adapt to the variability of power demand and supply by increasing and reducing the output of flexible generators
Power plants that can quickly change their output levels.
In this way, the natural gas in the water and pipeline behind the hydropower dam is effectively used as an energy storage, and operators release this energy when needed, while storing this energy when not needed.
Grid operators use these same resources to adapt to any changes caused by wind energy.
A great deal of this flexibility has been built into the power system.
Depending on the time of day and year, power demand may vary by three or more, which translates nationwide into the flexibility of hundreds of gigawatts that already exist on the electricity network.
Because these power plants and other sources of flexibility have been built, using this flexibility is almost always much cheaper than building new sources of flexibility like energy storage.
It is worth noting that it is not necessary for each power plant to provide a constant power output;
This is a good thing because all power plants often experience planned and unplanned power outages.
In addition, many changes in wind output actually offset the opposite changes in power demand.
So trying to make the wind output more constant can actually increase the total variability of the grid.
Finally, it should be noted that the total output of many wind turbines distributed in large areas is very stable and predictable.
In general, if the wind speed drops in one place, it may increase elsewhere.
In addition, in the course of an hour or two, the total output of scattered wind power plants will change very slowly, which provides sufficient time for grid operators to mobilize flexible resources.
Wind energy forecasts can give grid operators a clearer idea of wind output hours or days in advance. Compressed air?
The United States has oceans on three sides. why don't we use waves to generate electricity?
The waves are not bright sometimes.
The waves don't blow sometimes.
There are 24/7 waves.
I read somewhere that we can use the floating body that is connected together to pump the hydraulic fluid to drive the hydraulic motor to generate power, but I think it would be better and safer to use the air pressure.
I believe there are some materials that can stand the test of salt. Robert N.
Roland, impressive!
Very interesting analysis
Thank you for providing some useful references.
Please say: Retired mathematician and engineer. -
Samir Succarif puts 20 cubic feet of air into cubic feet of tank space and you have compressed the air correctly.
How did you do it?
Are you creating new energy when you release it?
Believe me, I don't believe in the first law of thermodynamics, but it is established in some trivial cases.
In this case, the energy is equal.
From my understanding of energy conservation (In the article)
It is achieved through time management.
It's like turning off the lights when you get home from work.
You did not create useful energy.
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